The five (5) sets of outriggers, distributed up the building, tie all the vertical load carrying elements together, further ensuring uniform gravity stresses: hence, reducing differential creep movements. Structural System The Spiraling Y shaped was utilized shape the structural core of the Burj Khalifa. The superstructure has reached over 165 stories. Structural System Description Burj Khalifa has "refuge floors" at 25 to 30 story intervals that are more fire resistant and have separate air supplies in case of emergency. Structural System Description Burj Khalifa has "refuge floors" at 25 to 30 story intervals that are more fire resistant and have separate air supplies in case of emergency. Measures implemented included specialized waterproofing systems, increased concrete cover, the addition of corrosion inhibitors to the concrete mix. The structural system can be described as a "buttressed" core (Figures 1, 2 and 3). In order to rise to the great heights, a proper structural support is necessary. Structural System Brief Description 2.1. The friction piles are supported in the naturally cemented calcisiltite conglomeritic calcisiltite fomiations developing an ultimate pile skin friction of 250 to 350 kPa (2.6 to 3.6 tons / ft ). The construction began on 6 January 2004 and ended in the year 2010. After getting information directly of the website about the construction of Burj Khalifa, we were able to understand more about the structural system within the building. Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The Burj Khalifa’s lateral system is a buttressed core that is 606 meters in height. The concrete mix for the piles was a 60 MPa mix based on a triple blend with 25% fly ash, 7% silica fume, and a water to cement ratio of 0.32. The Dubai Municipality (DM) specifies Dubai as a UBC97 Zone 2a seismic region (with a seismic zone facior Z = 0.15 and soil profile Sc). 2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM BRIEF DESCRIPTION 2.1 General The Burj Khalifa project is a multi-use development tower with a total floor area of 460,000 square meters that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, entertainment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities. Lateral load resisting system and floor framing system are the two major components of the superstructure of the Burj Khalifa Tower and these systems are discussed below. Each wing, with its own high performance concrete corridor walls and perimeter columns, buttresses the others via a six-sided central core, or hexagonal hub. Seismic loading did govern the design of the reinforced concrete Podium buildings and the Tower structural steel spire. This settlement would be a gradual curvature of the top of grade over the entire large site. Burj Khalifa's construction will have used 330,000 m3 (431,600 cu yd) of concrete and 39,000 tonnes (43,000 ST; 38,000 LT) of steel rebar, and construction will have taken 22 million man-hours. 3.22 shows a typical floor plan of the tower, a buttress core system was used as the major structural system for this supertall tower. Burj ... One dificulty faced in the design of this marvelous structure was the structural aspect. The tower does not contain any structural transfers. The C60 (cube strength) SCC concrete was placed by the tremie method utilizing polymer slurry. Under lateral wind loading, the building deflections are well below commonly used criteria. Burj Khalifa. To be precise, burj khalifa has no damping system like a tuned mass damper or so. An extensive program of wind tunnel tests and other studies were undertaken under the direction of Dr. Peter Irwin of Rowan Williams Davies and Irwin Inc.'s (RWD1) boundary* layer wind tunnels in Guelph. The result is a tower that is extremely stiff laterally and torsionally. The center hexagonal walls are buttressed by the wing walls and hammer head walls which behave as the webs and flanges of a beam to resist the wind shears and moments. General The Burj Khalifa project is a multi-use development tower with a total floor area of 460,000 square meters that includes residential, hotel, commercial, office, entertain-ment, shopping, leisure, and parking facilities. Beyond its record-breaking height, the Burj Khalifa incorporates new structural and construction efficiencies to reduce material usage and waste. Excavation work began for Burj Khalifa the tallest skyscraper in the world in January 2004 and over the years, the building passed many important milestones to become the tallest man-made structure the world has ever seen. This design helps to reduce the wind forces on the tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and foster constructability. Rising 828 meters over the desert metropolis of Dubai, the Burj Khalifa tower is the world's tallest structure. As it rises from a flat base, setbacks occur at each element in an upward spiraling pattern, reducing the tower’s mass as it reaches skyward. Torsion is the fifth mode with a period of 4.3 seconds. Search this site. Its reinforced concrete structure makes it stronger than steel-frame skyscrapers. The story of structural system selection and the structural system optimization is a … The advantage of the stepping and shaping is to "confuse the wind'1. Structural System Material The tower superstructure of Burj Khalifa is designed as an all reinforced concrete building with high performance concrete from the foundation level to level 156, and is topped with a structural steel braced frame from level 156 to the highest point of the tower. Structural System. Burj Khalifa has redefined what is possible in the design and engineering of supertall buildings. The chloride and sulfate concentrations found in the groundwater are even higher than the concentrations in sea water. This allows the construction to proceed without the normal difficulties associated with column transfers. heights periodically. The spire was constructed from inside the building and jacked to its full height of over 200 metres using a hydraulic pump. This enabled construction to proceed without the normal delays associated with column transfers. Burj Khalifa structural health monitoring Strainstall completed a monitoring contract on the tallest man-made structure ever built - the Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai. To reduce the effects of differential column shortening, due to creep, between the perimeter columns and interior walls, the perimeter columns were sized such that the self-weight gravity stress on the perimeter columns matched the stress on the interior corridor walls. High performance concrete with high compressive strength Overview Structural System Foundation Lateral Resisting System Loads Main Elements. At the top, the central core emerges and transitions to a special steel framed structure which is sculpted to form a finished spire. Each wing buttresses the other through a hexagonal central core as shown in figure-2. Burj Khalifa is home to 57 elevators and 8 escalators the building service/fireman’s elevator have a capacity of 5,500 kg and is the world’s tallest service elevator. The structural system employed for Burj Khalifa can be called as the Buttressed Core System. Due to the aggressive conditions present caused by the extremely corrosive ground water, a rigorous program of anti-corrosion measures was required to ensure the durability of the foundations. The 280,000-square-meter skyscraper contains office, residential, and retail space, along with a Giorgio Armani hotel. La Grange multiplier methodology which results in a very efficient structure (Baker et ah, 2000).The reinforced concrete structure was designed in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318-02 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. The seismic analysis consisted of a site specific response spectra analysis. The architecture features a triple-lobed footprint, an abstraction of the Hymenocallis flower. Burj Khalifa has got a hexagonal concrete core with an innovative system of Y-shaped buttresses which has been incorporated to give this building a stable and unique “tripod like” stance. Burj Khalifa has "refuge floors" at 25 to 30 story intervals that are more fire resistant and have separate air supplies in case of emergency. Structural System The Spiraling Y shaped was utilized shape the structural core of the Burj Khalifa. Built of reinforced concrete and clad in glass, the tower is composed of three elements arranged around a central buttressed core. This system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), in their Chicago office. In structural engineering, the tube is a system where, to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, impact), a building is designed to act like a hollow cylinder, cantilevered perpendicular to the ground. In order to rise to the great heights, a proper structural support is necessary. The structural steel spire was designed for gravity, wind, seismic and fatigue in accordance with the requirements of AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (1999). The wind tunnel program included rigid-model force balance tests, a foil multi degree of freedom aero elastic model studies, measurements of localized pressures, pedestrian wind environment studies and wind climatic studies. Wind tunnel models account for the cross wind effects of wind induced vortex shedding on the building. The setbacks are organized such that the Tower's width changes at each setback. This design helps to reduce the wind forces on the tower as well as keep the structure simple and constructability. At each setback, the building's width changes. Architecture. Due to its tubular system, proportionally only half the amount of steel was used in the construction, compared to the Empire State Building. The second mode is a perpendicular lateral side sway with a period of 10.2 seconds. The C80 concrete for the lower portion of the structure had a specified Young's Elastic Modulus of 43,800 N/mm2 (6,350ksi) at 90 days. This structural system enables the building to support itself laterally and keeps it from twisting. The top section of the Tower consists of a structural steel spire utilizing a diagonally braced lateral system. An image of the Burj Khalifa is shown in Figure 1. The wall and column sizes were optimized using virtual work .' The setbacks are organized in conjunction with the tower’s grid: the stepping is achieved by aligning columns above with walls below to provide a smooth load path. concrete and blended with structural steel. The wind vortices never get organized because at each new tier the wind encounters a different building shape. Seismic loading typically did not govern the design of the reinforced concrete Tower structure. The 280,000-square-meter skyscraper contains office, residential, and retail space, along with a Giorgio Armani hotel. The “Y” shaped plan also provided a stable platform on which to base the development of a new “buttressed core” structural system specially developed to support a building of this height while maintaining the tower’s slender and elegant shape. The geo-technical studies were peer reviewed by both Mr. Clyde Baker of STS Consultants, Ltd. (Chicago, IL, USA) and by Dr. Harry Poulos of Coffey Geosciences (Sydney, Australia). 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